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The Guns of King of 2 Miles

October 13, 2025blogELR, king of 2 miles, KO2M, long-range, long-range shootingcoldboremiracle

Introduction

Long-range shooting has become a very popular sport across the world, and the folks on the extreme cutting edge of this sport are the extreme long-range (ELR) shooters. Today I am writing you from the world championship King of 2 Mile competition, where ELR enthusiasts are pushing the limits of non-guided munitions. Since it is a bit challenging to explain the entire ELR scene, I decided to share with you something a little more familiar and exciting for gun folk. Today we are going to be looking at the guns of King of 2 Miles.

Cadex, nightforce — this custom-built **Cadex Defense rifle** is supported by a long carbon fiber Accu Tac bipod extender

Shooting 2 Miles?

Can that even be done? What could you possibly hit from two miles away? Is this even a practical sport? These are all questions you might be asking yourself, and you aren’t alone. So before we get too deep, lets get some context on what’s happening in this event.

target, king of 2 miles — Here you can see one of the many distant targets, if you look closely (about 3.4L and 2.5D) you can see the target cameras setup to watch the targets

Targets

Yes the targets are big. To a typical shooter they might even seem ridiculously big. But when you push these targets out across a wide desert canyon three to four-thousand yards away, they become quite small. Small enough in fact that when seen through the scope they measure around one to two minutes-of angle (MOA). Imagine for comparison; a typical paper target you shoot at the range is likely twenty or more MOA in size. So essentially, ELR shooters are shooting for just a tiny portion of a typical target. Like one of the squares on the target you might zero your rifle with.

chronographs like this one use doppler radar to get exact muzzle velocity for every shot. That way, if a shot lands lower than expected but is correlated with a low muzzle velocity the shooter knows immediately. This prevents making unnecessary corrections

PRS shooters are aiming at targets of very comparable size, but shooting 1 MOA targets is much easier when its done at distances like a thousand yards or less. Wind is the name of the game in ELR, and there can be many different layers of wind to deal with at distances like these.

Rifles

Big rifles are used to engage these big targets. Most of these rifles are shooting large cartridges like .375 Cheytac, and .416 Hellfire. Many of them are both custom cartridges and chambers, and they are all built to be heavy. Not just because of the cartridge size, but because a heavy rifle makes a more stable launch platform.

Heavy barrels with incredibly thick profiles add both weight and stability. Most of the barrels I saw came from companies like K&P Precision, and they used aggressively fast twist rates. This is due to the long length and highly efficient bullets that are typically used. These are CNC lathe turned solid copper bullets that are exceptionally uniform. Shooting bullets from Cutting Edge and using mostly Peterson Brass.

Most guns don’t use an ejector, spent cases are pulled from the action by hand. Expensive and carefully prepared brass are too valuable to be tossed into the dirt or gravel. Every rifle I’ve seen here uses large muzzle brakes, to help keep the rifle as stable as possible.

Optics and Mounting

You can imagine that only the best optics are used to see such distant targets. High end optics from big names like Nightforce and Zero Compromise adorned every rifle. And just as important as the scope itself, was the mounting and offset solutions used.

Heavily canted scope mounts allow shooters to aim dead on targets even at these extended ranges. Using optical offset wedge prisms of various types allow you to shoot and test your rifle as close as 100 yards, while still being able to make hits two miles away. For example, I looked through one of the rifles with dual prisms to inspect a deer crossing the range perhaps half a mile away. But when I pointed the rifle at where the deer was, I could only see the dirt halfway between the deer and I. To see him I had to look at the ridge behind him.

Various prisms were used on nearly every rifle, the prism sits in-front of your riflescope. it works by essentially bending the line of sight as seen through the scope, and it bends it an exact amount. This allows you to add or remove large amounts of optical offset, they can even be stacked to multiply the effect

Precise optics paired with very robust mounting systems are required. And the repeatable adjustment of both mechanical and optical offset’s are paramount to being able to make these hits.

Ancillary Equipment

Aside from the gun itself, there is a necessary collection of support items as well. Very large bipods are used to hold up these heavy guns. Accu-Tac Bipod extenders allow the rifle’s balance point to be moved to the rear. This makes the gun more stable, and recoils straight into the shooter for maximum control.

this rifle incorporates a bipod extender, they have a set of collapsible carbon shafts that allow you to push your bipod out even beyond the muzzle. You can see the feet of this Accu Tac bipod are also made to slide back under recoil. Also you can see the thin carbon fiber mirage guard that covers the barrel, this works to keep heat waves out of your line of sight to prevent obscuring the target

Rear bags and inflatable cushions are used to make micro-adjustments in the way the gun is held on target. Stability is another important part of this type of shooting.

This rifle chassis made by Accuracy Solutions incorporates the bipod extension into the chassis itself. At the rear you can see a bag-rider rail under the buttstock, this is made to slide on the bag under recoil. The bag itself is a heavy sandbag that incorporates an inflatable air bladder controlled by a squeeze-bulb in the shooters support-hand

Chronographs like the doppler radar Garmin Xero were used on nearly every rifle. Electronic leveling indicators as well. Knowing each shot’s velocity can mean the difference between corrections from one shot to the next.

long custom barrels give maximum velocity with these high performing **solid bullets**

Taking the Shot

Shooting a target two miles away takes a few seconds. In fact, depending on the target there was often enough time to reload, and have a brief discussion with the spotter before the bullet would hit the target. After each shot, the collection of people sitting behind spotting scopes would finish their conversation and about the same time all would turn to their scopes to watch for impact.

shooter and spotter work as a team to watch for impacts, and evaluate the wind for the next shot

Spotters

Spotters would use very large spotting scopes and binoculars to watch conditions. Keeping an eye on the boiling mirage downrange, and watching it shift and where. A true skill in its own right; being able to evaluate the shift shot to shot and suggest the corrective action for the shooter. All this is done under a time limit, while everyone else watches with excitement. This is also why both the shooter and their spotter are awarded at the end of the match. The impacts can also be watched by target cameras setup downrange, giving a clear view of each hit or miss.

king of 2 mile — monitors setup for spectators to watch, each target can be seen by remote cameras

Loading

Every rifle I witnessed was manually loaded, even though some of them had magazines. There are several reasons for this, first off; even the guns with magazines replaced the mag with a single shot dummy mag.

cartridges are loaded carefully, and extracted by hand as well. With as much time and money as shooters invest in their ammunition, it makes sense to take care of them

large muzzle brakes help drastically reduce recoil helping the shooter stay on target, allowing the shooter an opportunity to spot his impact

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The Race to the Bottom: Smaller Bullets Carrying a Heavier Load

October 7, 2025blogbullet, cartridges, moderncoldboremiracle

Preface

Science is a neat thing, especially as it improves our shooting abilities. A long time ago, these very same mountains and valleys were hunted by our ancestors. They were likely using equipment of the time, perhaps the first black powder cartridges or muzzleloaders. I find it fascinating how American rifles have gone from big guns shooting massive projectiles to tiny sharp bullets moving two or three times the speed. Modern bullets have allowed us to do so much more with less, and today we will discuss what has made that possible.

springfield Armory model 1898, 30-40, krag, krag jorgensen,

A Revolution

America was born of powder and bullets, so our affinity for shooting runs deep. The weapons our forefathers used like the Brown Bess fired huge projectiles weighing nearly five-hundred grains. And their effectiveness was dismal by comparison to even our modern muzzleloaders. Accuracy and power of OG American’s weapons was somewhat sad, with projectiles that barely achieved supersonic speeds.

musket, musket ball, bullet, projectile,

Even so, they managed to secure both a country and the food they were after. And it wasn’t long before Americans started hunting everything in sight. Using old Sharps rifles and Remington rolling blocks they hammered away at bison and other game animals. And though they were much better off with the .45 and .50 caliber cartridges, they still had a somewhat limited range and power.

The Advent of Bottleneck Cartridges

As smokeless powder and bottleneck cartridges have reigned over the last century, technology has only made them better. Impressive improvements in powder and bullets have massively changed the game. I remember a time when hitting targets at 1000 yards was something exceptional. But these days I do it frequently with a variety of rifles chambered in as little as .223 Remington.

257 blackjack, 45-70 government, lever gun, — the modern wildcat cartridge 257 Blackjack compared to the old standby 45-70 Gov

The cost of the equipment needed to shoot like this has come down significantly. Even manufactures known for more affordable firearms have models capable of performing tasks that were unbelievable 30 years ago. And what’s even more interesting is that folks are doing it with less and less. Even 20 years ago, people shooting 1000 yards were typically using a large 30-caliber magnum. Or perhaps a slippery six-point-five cartridge like a 6.5x.284 or 6.5-06.

even more recent long-range rifles were shooting bigger bullets and cartridges

Velocity

The powders we load our cartridges with these days also have much to do with these advances. Black powder muzzleloaders and cartridges were significantly slower. Our smokeless powders today allow velocities going double or more compared to the cartridges of the past. The increase of velocity drives the energy up significantly, which is part of the reason we can get so much out of small bullets.

A .54 caliber muzzleloader for example, would likely generate around 1500 lbs of energy at the muzzle. This energy would drastically drop as it gets further downrange. By comparison, a lowly 308 Winchester could have the same energy as far away as 500 yards. And even smaller cartridges (like my next example) have even more, at further distances still.

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bullets, round nose. vld, eld, lathe turned, solid bullet, long-range — this **300 grain round nose** can’t compete with its long and pointy descendant

30-06 springfield, 25 creedmoor, 131 sieraa match king, aics magazine, mdr magazine — The **30-06 Springfield’s** performance is surpassed by smaller modern cartridges like the **25 Creedmoor**

Six Ways to Sunday: Supreme Six-millimeter Cartridges

September 25, 2025blog.243 win, 6mm, 6mm ARC, 6mm creedmoor, 6mm GT, six millimetercoldboremiracle

Preface

Six-millimeter cartridges are very popular for various shooting activities. Their low recoil and high velocity mingled with great ballistic performance make them optimal for many purposes. Today I intend to take a walk through a selection of popular six-millimeter cartridges and why you might want one over the others. Whether you find yourself considering a six-millimeter for your next purchase, or trying to diversify your 6mm collection I hope we might be of help.

.243win, 6mm Creedmoor, 6mm GT, 6mm ARC, six millimeter, cartridge — **Hornady** is a big supporter of the six millimeter family

Old School

If you grew up in the 60’s and 70’s you were likely to run into a .243 Winchester on a typical deer hunt. A derivative of the always popular 308 Winchester; the .243 has always been a popular low recoiling hunting cartridge. Launched about the same time from a competitor, the 6mm Remington was a less popular but comparable option. Both of these cartridges have stood the test of time, pushing their typical 70-100 grain bullet quite fast. Making them great for varmint hunting and smaller big game animals.

There quite a few old **Winchester Rifles** out there in .243

The characteristics of these cartridges often led to them being relegated to either a “ladies caliber” or something for new shooters. There is surely nothing wrong with that, but they certainly shouldn’t be looked at as a lesser cartridge. I would happily take a .243 on a deer hunt or something comparable, the lightning speed and flat trajectory would come in very handy.

Way back then, you could have purchased a Model 70 chambered in .243. These days there are rifles from nearly every manufacturer chambered in the cartridge. Whether you want a bolt-action rifle from Savage or Sako, or even a lever-action .243 from manufacturers like Henry.

Modern Performers

If the .243 Winchester was such a good thing, and is still a popular chambering in todays modern firearms, you might ask why fix what isn’t broken? Hornady released the 6mm Creedmoor nearly ten years ago, much to the horror of the Creedmoor haters it took off. With a supply of high quality components it made sense. But what did the 6 Creedmoor have that the .243 didn’t already cover you might ask? Modern performance is the answer, Creedmoor’s came with aggressive twist rates like 1:8 and 1:7.5. The .243 has a slower twist rate which limits its ability to stabilize many modern bullets larger than 100 grains. The faster twist allowed the 6 Creedmoor to push bigger bullets like 108’s and 115’s at fantastic speeds, giving it a huge ballistic advantage.

Competition rifles like this **6mm Creedmoor Browning X-Bolt** have all the modern features

One of my favorite 6mm cartridges is the 6mm GT. After the success of cartridges like the 6mm Creedmoor and competition cartridges like the 6 Dasher and 6 XC, the 6mm GT was released by GA precision and produced by Hornady. Finding a happy medium of performance and longevity, the 6GT fits easily into AICS magazines like the others I just mentioned. It does this while giving excellent ballistic performance and better barrel life than larger cartridges.

All of these modern performers are shorter cartridges than the older .243 Winchester, which allows them to load longer higher ballistic coefficient bullets and feed from magazines. And the smaller powder charges allow longer durability before the chamber throat is eroded causing degraded accuracy.

Modern Sporting Rifles

Any of the cartridges mentioned today could be and frequently are chambered for semi-automatic rifles like the popular AR pattern. I would be remiss if I didn’t mention the very popular 6mm ARC, as it is the most likely to fit into this category. For a variety of reasons, but mainly because it fits in a 5.56 sized action and magazine. The 6 ARC offers 6mm attributes like ballistic performance and heavier bullets while still fitting into the average AR15 rifle.

6mm ARC, bullpup, mdrx, WLVRN, us optics, TXR, primary arms, GLx, suppressor, anechoic, yhm, — (bottom) My **Desert Tech WLVRN** custom chambered in a 6 ARC and outfitted with a **US Optics TXH** and **Anechoic suppressor**. (Top) my Desert Tech MDRX with its own custom 6 ARC barrel, and a Primary Arms GLx scope and **YHM Turbo suppressor**

Additionally due to its smaller size, it burns far less powder extending the accuracy life of the barrel. This makes even more sense in a semi-auto as they tend to shoot much higher round counts than typical bolt-action rifles. There are a great variety of 6 ARC autoloading rifles available like the CMMG Resolute series of rifles.

the Howa Mini has been a fantastic little hunting rifle for the whole family

The 6 ARC can obviously be used in bolt-action rifles as well, where it does an excellent job. Additionally the 6 ARC is also typically given a 1:7.5 twist which helps it handle modern bullet selections. I am a bit partial to the Howa Mini, a rifle we have used with great success. But there are also great bolt-action options from Ruger and Savage Arms. With the cartridge gaining in popularity every day, you are likely to find six of one, and half a dozen of another.

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Hunting with Magnums: Does a Magnum’s Might Make Right?

September 5, 2025blogdeer hunting, elk hunting, hunting, magnumcoldboremiracle

Introduction

As the old saying goes; might makes right. Meaning that those with power can enforce their will. This doctrine has long been used when it comes to hunting cartridges. With hunting season right around the corner we figured it was worth the discussion to evaluate the premise. Does a magnum’s might make right when it comes to hunting? Does the heavy energy load of magnum cartridges make them the best choice for your hunt? Let’s get to the bottom of it.

I load my own with these **RCBS dies**, this allows me the ability to customize the energy applied

What Makes a Magnum?

Magnum cartridges are simply larger than typical cartridges of comparable bore. For example, the 30-06 Springfield is a common 30-caliber cartridge. The 300 Winchester Magnum is a larger 30-caliber cartridge, with more powder capacity. This allows the 300 to push bullets much faster all else being equal.

the 30-06 Springfield has been and will continue to take nearly any NA big game animal. This **Winchester model 70** is a classic example of an American hunting rifle

The whole premise of magnum cartridges is to bring higher velocities and energy. When you shoot larger bullets and faster velocities the energy imposed on the target goes up. This can be very important when it comes to hunting animals, as energy is key to quickly incapacitating our prey.

Ballistic Performance

Another reason magnum cartridges are popular is because of their ballistic performance. The same attributes that make them effective for hunting, also make them effective for long-range shooting. Being able to shoot bigger bullets at faster velocities, or standard bullets at even faster velocities makes them a better choice for shooting further. Heavier bullets and faster bullets hold onto their energy longer, which pushes out the envelope of their effectiveness. You can imagine how this would be helpful to both a hunter, and a long-range shooter.

Magnums like this 300 PRC do well for long-range shooting and hunting

Newer and better bullets are constantly hitting the market, which is making the ballistic performance grow ever better. The 180 grain bullets your grandpa shot weren’t as efficient as the latest and greatest 180 grain bullets we have today. But does that matter for many of us?

Real World Applications

As I peruse hunting and shooting forums, social media groups, and even the slums of reddit, you can get an idea of most hunting practices. It seems that the majority of hunters typically engage big game like deer at distances between 50 and 400 yards when hunting with firearms. Obviously that depends greatly on location and the animal they are after.

deer sized animals can easily be taken with smaller calibers like this 6mm GT in my **Desert Tech SRSM2**

If you are stalking a fifty-pound Roe deer on the green fields of Great Britain, you will probably use different tackle than a hog hunter in Georgia, or a Stone Sheep hunter in the Yukon. The size of your prey, and the environment you pursue them in has much to do with your cartridge selection.

Even large animals like a Rocky Mountain Elk are easily taken with short action cartridges like a .243 or a 30-30. So why do most people use heavy magnums for hunting them? Mainly because Rocky Mountain Elk live in places you don’t want to take your .243.

The Landscape

Western hunts often take place in big open country, where shots could be much further than average. Furthermore, a wounded animal might go for miles through the steepest miserable country you can imagine. So it makes sense to use a rifle with more power and heavy bullets. In many of these hunts, it is also important to drop the animal right where it stands to avoid strenuous extraction.

when hunting in the deep forest, you often want to secure your prey where it stands to make it easier to get out

Conversely, if you are hunting one of the gulf states you probably aren’t going to be making many 400 yard shots. And your chances of finding an elk down there are likely limited to exotic ranches. Consideration to location could have a lot to do with whether or not you really need a magnum.

in the thick woods where I took this bear, having a smaller rifle with lower recoil was beneficial

Biology

It is also very important to understand the body structure of the animals we intend to hunt. Some animals are tougher than others, and require a little more energy to quickly and cleanly put them down. Using an appropriately proportioned cartridge for the animal not only ensures a clean kill, but also reduces waste. I like to eat what I hunt, so blowing a deer in half with a super magnum is not on my list.

Hitting an animal in the right spot is more important than what you hit them with, read more about that here

Using a magnum on a small animal particularly at short distance is likely to cause more damage than necessary. This could cause meat to be lost and discarded. Shooting a 90-grain bullet from a 6mm Creedmoor might be perfect for hunting a Pronghorn antelope inside 400 yards. You could use a 300 Winchester for the same job, but you might have a few pounds less to take home for the freezer.

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when chasing big animals in big country, using a big magnum is always a safe bet

The 6.5 Cartridge Dilemma

September 3, 2025blog.264, 264winmag, 6.5, 6.5 creedmoor, 6.5 Grendel, 6.5 pR, 6.5 remington, 6.5x284, 6.5x55, cartridgecoldboremiracle

Introduction

Many Americans seem to have been born with a .30 caliber fixation, nothing to be ashamed of believe me. But there is a rivalry coming for America’s top spot, and its coming from the metric system believe it or not. 6.5 caliber cartridges are nothing new, even in North America. Today we are going to discuss a variety of the 6.5 cartridges and why they have such a cult following that continues to grow. Perhaps by the time we are done, you might feel a taste for the 6.5 Koolaid yourself.

the **Ruger American Rifle** is available in various calibers like 6.5CM and 6.5 PRC

6.5 or .264?

I remember speaking to an old gunsmith who claimed to have trained under P.O. Ackley. He told me that allegedly Ackley believed the 6.5 to be the ideal bore for accuracy. I believe both of them were simply a product of their time, and I also believe there isn’t an “ideal bore”. Instead there are simply perfect proportions, bullet lengths and angles as compared to the bore.

What you cannot deny is that 6.5mm bullets (or .264 inches for the Yanks) typically have excellent ballistic coefficients (BC). And these high BC bullet are usually easy to get up to excellent speeds due to their weights. Most 6.5 bullets fall within the range of 100 to 150 grains.

Whether .264 or 6.5, there is an incredible variety of cartridge cases designed to push them. And choosing which one of these cases is incredibly important as to the performance. A diminutive 6.5 Grendel can shoot the exact same bullet as the massively overbore 26 Nosler, but the performance will be just as distinct.

The Rise of 6.5 Cartridges

Back in the late 19th century, the 6.5 craze had already begun in Scandinavia with the 6.5×55 Swedish. It was used widely for so many purposes and in such numbers that it spilled into other firearm markets. For over a hundred years the Swede’s have been taking moose and reindeer with a 6.5. This might be downright shocking if you are one of those who uses a 300WM to pile up a 110-pound bean field whitetail from a ground blind.

both of these elk were taken with 6.5 cartridges, on the left a .260 Ackley, on the right a 6.5 Creedmoor, both taken from 520 yards. Watch the VIDEO HERE

It took some time for the 6.5’s to catch on across the American heartland. Ballistic tinkerers like the aforementioned Mr. Ackley made wildcats like the 6.5-06 popular. There were others like the 6.5 Remington magnum, but they didn’t catch on like their designers had hoped. It was like trying to sell a bullpup to Americans who love AR15’s.

One of my favorite cartridges for largely sentimental reasons is the .264 Winchester Magnum. A product from the 1950’s, it actually predates its 7mm twin, the 7mm Remington Magnum that gained far more attention.

this bull fell at 500 yards to my father’s .264 Win Mag shooting 140 gr bullets

Modern 6.5 Cartridges

Most of us are likely more familiar with modern 6.5 cartridges, but which one will best suit your needs? Many people love to hate on the 6.5 Creedmoor, but it’s impossible to deny its versatility. And it’s literally a ballistic twin to the 6.5×55 and we’ve already discussed how useful that cartridge has been and still is today.

Over a decade ago, there was an outright brawl between the three most popular 6.5 cartridges in the precision shooting space. The three protagonists were the 6.5 Creedmoor, the equally new 6.5×47 Lapua, and another American classic the .260 Remington. All three were hugely popular for short-action precision rifles, but the Creedmoor has seemed to win the popularity contest. Each of them had their strong points, but there’s nothing wrong with any of them.

The newly popular 6.5 PRC has gained an impressive following among big game hunters. While it often shoots the same bullets as the Creedmoor, it shoots them much faster. With a four to five hundred feet per second advantage, the PRC is lighting on deer and elk.

my 6.5 PRC has been a supreme tool for taking game, read more about it here

In long-action cartridges, Nosler more recently released their 26 Nosler cartridge. With a huge powder column, it is made to move fast. Of course this comes with a Nosler sized price tag as well.

Considerations

All of these cartridges have positive attributes that you should consider for your purpose. Whether you are a casual hunter, a serious competitor or even a Law Enforcement sniper there is something for you in this family of cartridges.

If you find yourself shooting deer or other comparable game within ranges of two to three-hundred yards any of them will do. One of my kids will be hunting with a 6.5 Grendel this season, shooting 120 grain bullets. Another of my kids will be hunting with the same little .260 I built for him when he turned 12.

260 remington, mule deer, ridley, — Junior has done well with this little .260 Remington

My brother and I both will be shooting 6.5 PRC’s most likely, which are definitely good for a bit more distance. We’ve both taken .260’s and Creedmoors beyond the 1,000 yard line, but the PRC is a better tool for such a task.

My father would be shooting his .264 Win Mag, which he’s used in the past to take mule deer, antelope and mature bull elk. Sharing a ballistic profile with the 6.5 PRC it too has a more useful range envelope.

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What is an LPVO and do you need one?

July 16, 2025blogholographic sight, low power variable optic, lpvo, medium range, Red dot, riflescope, scope, short rangecoldboremiracle

Introduction

I joined the cult of shooting long ago, with a focus mainly on long-range shooting and hunting. Like many others in that sub-group of shooters, I felt that I needed as much magnification as possible. In the decades since I have learned that there is not always a need for such high power optics. You can read more about that subject in this article. But today’s subject is a little more specific, today we are on the topic of: what is an LPVO and do you need one?

the **Primary Arms PLx Compact** is an excellent 1-8 LPVO with an impressive image. together with the **Anechoic 35 suppressor** they make this **Steyr AUG** a fantastic little carbine

LPVO is an abbreviation for Low Power Variable Optic. There are quite a few LPVO’s on the market, I suspect it has something to do with marketing medium range optics for the massive AR15 customer base. Everybody want’s to build their own version of a “Recce rifle” and they usually put some kind of LPVO on it.

What is an LPVO?

A low power variable optic is just what it sounds like. Typically they feature variable zoom settings between 1-4 and as much as 1-10 or more. Not all of them are 1X at the lower end, some are 1.5, 1.8 or sometimes even a little bit more. The reason for this is pretty simple, at 1X or near there, the optic can be used almost like a red dot or holographic sight. And should you need to engage a target at a more significant distance, you can zoom the scope in to its higher power settings.

LPVO’s like all scopes can vary greatly in quality and construction type. It might be a 30mm tube or a 34mm, you might find one for $150 or you could pay upwards of $2000 if you want. Other features like exposed turrets and illuminated reticles are also possible features that might be incorporated.

on this **Eotech VUDU** 1-8, you can see the diopter focus at the very rear. the magnification ring with the added throw-lever. The turrets are capped on this one, and the illumination is on the other side of the scope.

Many LPVO’s do not have a large objective lens in the front. This has had the comedic effect of people mounting them backwards because of a lack of understanding. Most LPVO’s are just like larger rifle scopes, they have a diopter ring at the back to focus the reticle. And a power adjustment ring near the eye-piece to adjust the power setting. It’s not rocket science or brain surgery, its just a smaller scope with the same job; to allow accurate aiming on target.

Why So Low?

Having such a low magnification serves several purposes. I mentioned above that the scope can be used like a red dot, but there is more to it than that. Having low magnification also widens the view angle, allowing you to see more through the scope’s field of view.

Many manufacturers like to tout “true 1X”. Meaning that the image through the scope will be identical to what your non-sighting eye sees. This is because many folks shoot with both eyes open when the shooting is fast and close. Having a 1X image that matches you other eye will help keep perception and boost your situational awareness. This can come in very handy when shooting while moving through obstacles and potentially dangerous scenarios.

Why Might You Need an LPVO?

The traditional purpose of LPVO scopes has been on firearms that might be used at short or medium distances. For example, a three-gun shooter might be engaging many targets in rapid succession. The targets might be 30-yards away, or 300 yards away depending on the course of fire. 30-yards is pretty close, you probably don’t want a 4X scope for shooting that close. And 300-yards is a bit far for 1X or iron sights. You can see how a scope that can be quickly switched between 1X and 6X for example might be perfect for such a scenario.

Now imagine you are hunting Cape Buffalo on the dark continent, with dangerous animals lurking in the brush. If the possibility exists of needing to make a shot at a charging buffalo from 50 yards, 1X might be great option. And if you need to take an accurate supported shot at the animal from a hundred or more yards it would be nice to have more than 1X.

My son has hunted the last eight years with his little .260 topped with an LPVO of one kind or another. This **US Optics TS8X** helped him make an excellent shot on this buck as he bounded off

New Shooters

These are just a couple situations where an LPVO might serve you well. I’m sure you can imagine others where it might come in handy. One of my favorite uses has been for helping new shooters. Its often hard to get a child or someone new to rifle scopes to be able to see properly through the scope. And even harder sometimes to get them to actually find the deer or target in the scope. Too much magnification in this situation often exacerbates the issue. That is why I like to use LPVO’s for my kids when getting them started into shooting. They can find the target using low power then zoom in in for a better view.

Choosing the Right LPVO

Typically the best way to choose an optic depends on the activities you anticipate doing with it. If you plan on shooting targets on a short range with a 150 yard maximum range. Something like a 1-6 scope like the Vortex Venom would probably work fine. Whereas if you plan on shooting further distances like three to five-hundred yards, you might want something like the Vector Continental 1-10.

Vector Optics, continental, 1-10x28, ffp, lpvo, Desert Tech, WLVRN, suppressor, — The Vector 1-10 LPVO on my Desert Tech WLVRN

Like all rifle scopes, there are varying levels of quality. Price is also usually a concern to keep in mind as well. There are some great less expensive LPVO’s like the ones I mentioned above. I can also recommend the US Optics TS6X and TS8X, as I’ve used them extensively.

I’ve even used the TS8X to accurately engage some target as far away as 1000 yards. If you plan to use an LPVO at distances beyond say 300 yards, look for one with adjustable parallax. Many LPVO’s come with fixed parallax around 100 yards, and for semi-close distances that is fine. But for long-range shooting you may want to adjust for parallax, if you aren’t sure why you should read All you need to know about Parallax.

the US Optics TS6X on the IWI Tavor X95 bullpup

If you’d like to step up in quality a bit, and price, I’ve got a few more recommendations. The Eotech VUDU line of LPVO’s are great. I have both the 1-6 and the 1-8 and they have been very solid and repeatable on a variety of firearms.

I’ve used the VUDU LPVO’s extensively for a few years now, very good scopes

Illumination

The VUDU pushbutton controls are very handy for illumination, and the very bright dot in the center makes it almost like a red dot sight at 1X. Most scopes these days have some form of reticle illumination. Some are the old fashioned way with an LED just lighting up the reticle, and others have very high intensity LED dots centered in the reticle for and unmistakable aimpoint even in high-noon daylight.

For a few more dollars the SAI Optics LPVO’s are another fantastic scope, I am waiting to get hands on their 1-10 so stay tuned for that.

this SAI 6 has been a great scope, cant wait to get the SAI 1-10

I’d also feel awful if I failed to mention the great LPVO’s I’ve used from Sig Sauer Optics. They make a few different ones, and to be honest the two that I have used were both fantastic. The Tango 6T is definitely not inexpensive, but it is very clear and bright. The FFP illuminated reticle can be used for a great many tasks.

The Tango MSR is more made for average shooters who maybe want to spend their money on ammo and training instead of optics. It too is impressive optically and has some very useful features.

the Tango MSR was a perfect fit for this Sig MCX

Reticles

There is a huge variety of reticle options among LPVO’s. Some of them are fairly simple while others are quite complex, some even have dual focal plane reticles. As I mentioned these are typically marketed for medium range rifles, they often have drop compensating reticles.

FFP drop compensating like this one from US Optics allow you to hold over for distance

Again this is where you need to evaluate your purpose when choosing a reticle. If you do plan on shooting medium ranges, you might want one of those drop compensating reticles. Whereas if you plan on doing a lot of long-range shooting, you might be better off with exposed tactical turrets.

the VUDU SR1 reticle has a large circle you can use to bracket targets up close, and a finer inner reticle that can be used for corrections

There seems to be a split in LPVO reticles, they are either optimized for short range shooting, or medium range and beyond. Some have large horseshoe features, and some have thin and precise features for corrections. Do some homework on them before you pick one.

Medium or Long-Range?

If you truly want a capable long-range LPVO, it’s going to cost a bit more. Snipers have been shooting long-range with 10X scopes since before I was born, so there’s no reason you and I can’t keep it up. I mentioned you’ll want a scope with adjustable parallax, most LPVO’s with adjustable parallax are at the larger end of the magnification spectrum.

The US Optics FDN 10X is a great scope for shooting long range, and it’s been around for a while so checking out its record is easy. Leupold makes a 2-10 Mk5 that I haven’t used yet, but it certainly has caught my eye. I’ve also noticed that March scopes make a few different models with adjustable parallax

All that said, you can still do well with a typical LPVO. I mentioned my son has been hunting with the same little rifle and an LPVO since he was twelve. We spent a lot of time practicing so he was ready when it mattered. His first year hunting he took this cow elk with his little .260 Remington at over 500 yards using a 1-6X Minox.

Conclusion

I like doing a lot with just a little, maybe it’s a fool’s errand. You can certainly use an LPVO for a great many purposes, and I hope we’ve given you some ideas here today. I love the idea of a compact and accurate carbine with a great LPVO, pulling of shots better suited to big precision rifles. But as I mentioned I have a bit of bias towards long-range shooting and hunting.

US Optics, SXR, 1-6, lpvo, USO, low power variable optic, desert tech, WLVRN — my latest LPVO love, the **US Optics SXR 1-6**

But perhaps more realistic is using a good carbine with an equally adequate LPVO to pull off the shots the rifle was made for. Proper training with such a weapon can make you deadly fast and accurate, whether it be charging hordes of feral swine, or picking off a deer at the far end of a deep pasture. Try out a few different options before you buy, and then practice hard with it. You may find it to be the best thing you never knew you needed.

-CBM

The 6.5 Grendel

July 15, 2025blog22 arc, 6 ARC, 6.5, 6.5 Grendel, 6.5 grendel ammunition, bca, bear creek arsenal, bolt-action, handloadingcoldboremiracle

History

Its not every day that I get to write about a cartridge that I remember coming out, but today is one of those. It was twenty something years ago, I was a much younger fella recently married and a son on the way when I first learned about the 6.5 Grendel. Even back then 6.5’s were hot, so when I heard about the 6.5 Grendel I paid attention.

The little Grendel came from Alexander Arms, and the whole idea was to put higher Ballistic Coefficient (BC) bullets into an AR-15. Bumping up the case size was also necessary in order to get these 6.5 Bullets up to a respectable speed. All this to create a cartridge that would make the AR-15 more lethal at distances beyond 500 yards or more.

The popularity of the Grendel has led to similar cartridges gaining fame as well. The 6 ARC has become extremely popular for similar reasons, and now the 22 ARC is following its footsteps.

22 ARC, 6 ARC, and the 6.5 Grendel

6.5 Grendel Dimensions

The 6.5 Grendel inherited a similar volume from it PPC/220 Russian parent case, the case volume is approximately 35 grains of water. Typical Grendel powder charges run between 20-ish and 30-ish grains of powder, depending of course on the powder and bullet choice. These mild charges are not too different from charges used in the .223 or other comparable cartridges. This allows the 6.5 Grendel to propel 100-140 grain bullets up to velocities like 2300 to 2600. These are some pretty general numbers, that obviously are subject to change.

Left to Right: 308 Winchester, 6.5 Grendel, 223 Remington

The odd size of the Grendel case has some other consequences as well. With its .449 bolt-face it falls between the .223 bolts used in most AR-15 rifles and the very common 308 sized bolt-face in larger rifle platforms. Luckily due to popularity of the Grendel and similar cartridges, this has become less of a problem. 7.62×39, .224 Valkyrie and others have made the midsized bolt-face more mainstream.

I’ve used great mag options from both Duramag and Amend 2

Additionally, due to its shape and proportions, the Grendel requires a different magazine to feed from AR rifles. There are a few different options out there including followers and complete mag-housings that have been altered to fit the Grendel and its offspring.

My Test Rifle

The rifle featured in this article for testing purposes is a Bear Creek Arsenal bolt-action upper. A handy and cost effective way to convert from one firearms type to another. It features one of their eighteen-inch heavy barrels and threaded 5/8-24 which fits perfect for my suppressor. The 1:8 twist works great with bullets commonly loaded for the Grendel. I used a Maven RS.3 5-30X50 scope which was probably a little more than necessary, but welcome.

bear creek arsenal, bca, bc-15, bolt-action, ar15, bolt-action AR15, 6.5 Grendel, Maven optics, — the **Banish Meateater suppressor** did a fine job of suppressing the Grendel

Ballistics

Part of the idea behind the Grendel was improved ballistic performance from the AR-15 rifle. With 5.56/.223 chambered rifles, most were shooting bullets from 55grains up to 75-80 grains. Which can be very useful for a great many things, but at 800 yards they have significantly deteriorated performance. That is where the Grendel comes in, even with a light for caliber bullet like a 123 grain 6.5, the Grendel far exceeds even the heavy .224 bullets. For comparison, a couple loads shown below; an average and heavy 5.56 load compared to an average and heavy Grendel load.

Load Data	Velocity/Energy @400yds	Velocity/Energy @800yds
5.56 55gr FMJ 3250 FPS	1800fps/395lbs	1000fps/120lbs
5.56 75gr BTHP 2910 FPS	2025fps/680lbs	1340fps/300lbs
6.5 Grendel 123gr 2450 FPS	1875fps/965lbs	1380fps/520lbs
6.5 Grendel 140gr 2330 FPS	1880fps/1100lbs	1475fps/680lbs

The Grendel loads can have thirty percent or more energy at further distances, which could be vital when incapacitating a target. While velocities are comparable, the energy of the heavier bullets carries further, and better.

Check out a variety of 6.5 Grendel rifles Here

Popular Components

Making brass for the little Grendel has come a long way from forming your own from something else. Whether it be Hornady or Starline, you can get some great brass for the Grendel. You can even get Lapua 6.5 Grendel cases now, so you know its serious.

Continue Reading here

I use Starline Brass for loading my Grendel (and for my 6 ARC for that matter

L to R the 22 ARC, 6 ARC, and their parent the 6.5 Grendel

Maximum Magnification; Finding the Right Magnification for Your Scope

May 27, 2025blogmagnification, riflescope, scope, zoomcoldboremiracle

Introduction

Riflescopes have become standard equipment on most rifles. And optical sights have also become standard for many modern carbines. Their popularity is partially because they allow the user to aim with more precision and accuracy than with open sights. However, using a telescopic sight at maximum magnification may not always be ideal. And high-power scopes in general might not be the best option for some purposes. Today we are discussing maximum magnification; finding the right magnification for your scope, and whether or not you need all that power.

PFI, pride fowler industries, evolution, rifle scope, bergara b-14, hmr, rapid reticle — FFP scopes like this one from **Pride Fowler Optics** make great long-range optics for rifles like this **Bergara HMR**

Variable Power

Most modern riflescopes or optical sights can fall into one of two types; variable power zoom optics, and fixed power optics. A fixed power optic like a Trijicon ACOG might have 1.5X or something more like 3.5X or 4X. Variable power scopes come in a variety of ranges, for example; a 4X scope might have a 4-16X zoom, while a 6X scope might have 5-30X magnification.

athlon Talos 10x42 — This Athlon Talos is a fixed 10X, which was very common once upon a time. The **Athlon Talos line** has a variety of variable power scopes worth looking at as well

Variable scopes can further be broken down into two additional subcategories; front focal plane, and second focal plane scopes. Front focal plane (FFP) scopes feature the reticle in the front or first focal plane and are therefore magnified with the target image. This results in the reticle changing size depending on the power setting used.

First and Second Focal Plane

Second focal plane scopes have the reticle fixed after the magnification feature. These reticles remain the same size regardless of magnification setting. One of the potential downsides to second focal plane scopes is that their reticles are typically calibrated at max magnification. Many of them also have a clearly marked mid-power setting. This is so you can use the reticle there as well with double the indicated values.

There is also a downside to some FFP scopes, with high-power zoom’s the reticle can often be magnified enough to be obtrusive. If the reticle gets too thick at high magnification it can be challenging to aim precisely with it. If you are shooting groups at a hundred yards this may not be an issue. But if you are shooting small targets at long-range, it certainly could become a problem.

as you can see, shot placement can be precise without heavy magnification

Why Too Much Magnification Could be Bad

Depending on your purpose, there can be such a thing as too much magnification. I used to hunt quite a few rabbits, and using a scope at high magnification was not helpful as the small animals darted between brush piles. I ended up setting my scope at it’s lowest setting 3X for the best results.

While hunting bigger animals like deer 3X might work in some situations, I often would prefer to have more if possible. The rifle I hunted with last season had a US Optics TXH 3-18 scope, and I found it to be perfect. It gave me the ability to use three power when sneaking through thick woods where shots wouldn’t go beyond 75 yards. But when I stepped out of the forrest into the wide open canyons of the Rocky Mountains, the 18X of the scope would make even long-range shots doable.

mule deer, Patriot Valley Arms Modus rifle, 6.5 PRC, US Optics TXH 3-18x50 — you can read more about this rifle the Patriot Valley Arms Modus

When shooting on a range where the furthest target might be two-hundred yards away, you don’t really need high magnification. And yet some still do, probably because they need a higher degree of precision. Shooting tiny targets at 150 yards with a .22Lr could certainly justify using a higher power scope. Whereas shooting IPSC targets at the same distance with a 5.56 carbine can be easily done with a red dot or low power variable optic (LPVO).

Using Your Scope at Max Power

One reason why telescopic sights may not be ideal at maximum power is because of the reduced field of view. The higher the magnification the narrower your field of view. This can make it more difficult to acquire and track moving targets, especially at close range. In hunting situations, this can be particularly problematic, as game animals can move quickly and unpredictably.

reticle, steiner, moose — Here you can see how at max power in low light, you can lose a lot of a scope’s brightness, but to be fair the view through this **Steiner TX6 5-30** is still pretty good from over a mile away

Another reason why telescopic sights may not be ideal at maximum power is because of the reduced depth of field. This means that the area in focus becomes shallower, making it harder to maintain proper sight alignment and focus on the target. This too can be especially problematic in low-light conditions or when your target is moving.

Other Factors

Overall, while telescopic sights can be a valuable tool for shooters, using them at maximum power may not always be the best choice. You should consider their specific shooting situation and adjust the magnification accordingly to optimize their accuracy and success. When a riflescope is set to its maximum magnification, the image can become less clear due to a few different factors.

Howa, m1500, mini, 22arc, suppressor, yhm, — Having a broad spectrum of magnification gives you more options, this **Lucid Optics MLX** was a perfect fit for the **Howa Mini 22 ARC**

Firstly, at higher magnifications, the image can become dimmer. Increasing magnification causes a reduction in brightness. This effect can be particularly noticeable in low-light conditions, such as at dawn or dusk.

Second is something I have noticed over the course of many years and countless scopes from nearly every manufacturer. Almost all scopes are brighter and sharper when not zoomed all the way in. In my experience it seems like when they are at 80-90 percent of their maximum power is when they offer the best image. This is more often the case with lower priced scopes, and not as much with the high-end scopes.

Using all the features of the reticle also sometimes requires using less than maximum power, like in this **Burris Veraci t y PH**

Its also worth mentioning that some of the modern reticles we have today aren’t even fully visible at max power. Much of the reticle features are better used with 75-90% of magnification.

Use Application

Obviously if you are shooting static targets on a bright sunny day with a good target spotter, max power is a great option for precise shooting. Its important to practice and understand when and where to adjust your scope’s zoom, optimizing its use for your needs.

I often find myself adjusting my scope for the terrain and anticipated use as I move from one scenario to another. I do the same thing with the parallax adjustment on my scopes when present.

junior first deer — My son and his first deer, shot at 490 yards with a **1-6X LPVO**, you can watch the video here

I like to start new shooters out on LPVO’s. With their incredibly forgiving eye-box and low magnification, it’s MUCH easier to get a new shooter on target quickly. If all they see is tree bark and leaves when they look through the scope its hard to guide them to a target like a deer.

When my son was just a little guy, I would use these low-power scopes to ensure he could see the target. If the image in the scope is very similar to what they see unmagnified with their own eyes its much easier to pick out where the target is. And once they find the target you can zoom in as needed for better point of aim placement.

More Magnification Means More Range?

I once thought that more magnification meant you could shoot further, but your rifle has the same capability for accuracy at distance regardless of what scope you put on it. The difference is what you can see at a given distance.

With a good scope you can shoot just fine at long-range even with low power optics. I’ve made some outstanding repetitive hits at a kilometer using my 6 ARC WLVRN using a simple US Optics TS-8 LPVO. While I wouldn’t exactly recommend that kind of scope for shooting that far, just know it can be done.

Desert Tech WLVRN suppressed with Eotech VUDU optic — the **Desert Tech WLVRN** with the **EOtech Vudu** is a potent shooter

For all the reasons I’ve mentioned, when shooting long-range I often will use my scopes at less than maximum power. It seems that generally I like 10-14X for much of my long-range shooting. This seems to give me the right field of view to keep the target in sight, as well as allow me to spot my own shots. Sometimes I will use more zoom, and sometimes less. Practice helps build skill in knowing what power to use.

Final Thoughts

I’m not trying to talk you out of high-power scopes, or even using high magnification. I’m simply saying that its not always the best option. Many years ago when I was first getting into the long-range shooting game, all I wanted was more magnification. But now I find myself looking at 4-16’s and 3-18’s with as much excitement.